Every important cycling term explained here.
Cycling is a sport that is rich in culture with its language. Grasping this language is the first step toward immersing oneself in the cycling world. Our glossary page is a wealth of knowledge, segmented into categories, simplifying your journey through the extensive cycling lexicon.
The Glossary is a bridge to a deeper understanding and appreciation of cycling. You’re not just learning terms but immersing yourself in the vast, enriching cycling world.
A
Adjustable wrench
An adjustable wrench is a type of wrench that has a movable jaw that can be adjusted to fit different sizes of nuts and bolts.
Adjuster barrel
An adjuster barrel is a small device that allows you to fine-tune the tension of your bike cables.
Aero bars
Aero bars are handlebar extensions that allow cyclists to achieve a more aerodynamic position on the bike.
Aero bike
An aero bike is a road bike designed to reduce aerodynamic drag and increase speed.
Aero bottle cage
An aero bottle cage is a device that holds a water bottle on a bike and has an aerodynamic shape that reduces drag.
Aero frame
An aero frame is a bike’s main structural component with an aerodynamic shape that reduces drag.
Aero gains
Aero gains are the speed and performance improvements resulting from reducing the aerodynamic drag of a cyclist and their bike.
Aero handlebars
Aero handlebars are bicycle handlebars designed to reduce aerodynamic drag and improve the rider’s performance.
Aero helmet
An aero helmet is a bicycle helmet designed to reduce aerodynamic drag and improve the rider’s speed and efficiency.
Aero position
An aero position is a riding posture that minimizes the cyclist’s frontal area and air resistance, allowing them to achieve higher speeds and save energy.
Aero seatpost
An aero seatpost is a type of bicycle seatpost with a streamlined shape and profile intended to reduce aerodynamic drag and improve the rider’s speed and efficiency.
Aerobic capacity
Aerobic capacity measures the maximum amount of oxygen a person can use during intense exercise.
Aerobic threshold
Aerobic threshold is the intensity of exercise at which the body switches from mainly using fat to mostly carbohydrates as a fuel source.
Aerodynamic advantages
The aerodynamic advantages of a bicycle or a cyclist are the benefits of reducing the air resistance or drag that slows them down.
Air resistance
Air resistance, also known as drag, is the force that opposes the motion of an object through the air.
All-rounder
An all-rounder is a cycling term that refers to a rider who excels in different aspects of cycling, such as climbing, sprinting, time trialing, and riding on various terrains.
Alloy cranks
Alloy cranks are bicycle cranks made of an alloy, a mixture of two or more metals.
Alloy frame
An alloy frame is a bicycle frame made of an alloy, a mixture of two or more metals.
Alloy seatpost
An alloy seatpost is a bicycle seatpost made of an alloy, a mixture of two or more metals.
Altitude training
Altitude training is the type of training that a cyclist does at a high altitude, which is a place where the air is thinner and has less oxygen.
Arm warmers
Arm warmers are the sleeves that a cyclist wears on their arms to keep them warm and comfortable in cold or changing weather.
Asymmetric chainring
An asymmetric chainring is a chainring with an uneven shape and size, meaning it is not round or symmetrical.
Attack
Attack is the term used to describe the action of launching a sudden attempt to pull ahead from a rider or group of riders, usually in a race or a competitive situation.
Autobus
Autobus is a term used in road bicycle racing to describe cyclists forming a large group behind the leading peloton.
AXS
AXS is a bike component integration system that connects electronic bicycle components and software.
B
Balaclava
A balaclava is a specialized headwear accessory worn by cyclists to provide protection and insulation for the head, face, and neck during cold or inclement weather conditions.
Balance bike
A balance bike, also known as a run bike or push bike, is a bike that lacks pedals and relies on a child’s feet to propel and control the bike’s movement.
Bar tape
Bar tape is a cycling accessory wrapped around the bicycle handlebar to provide a comfortable grip and shock absorption.
Bar-end plugs
Bar-end plugs are small, cylindrical accessories designed to fit into the open ends of bicycle handlebars.
Base layer
A base layer, also known as an undershirt, is a specialized garment cyclists wear as the first layer of clothing underneath their cycling jersey or jacket. It is designed to manage moisture, regulate body temperature, and enhance ride comfort.
Base training
Base training, often called the base phase, is a fundamental component of a cyclist’s training regimen. It involves focused, low- to moderate-intensity training at the beginning of a training cycle or season
Bearings
Bearings are essential mechanical components used in bicycle parts to reduce friction and enable smooth rotation between moving parts.
Bento box
A bento box, also known as a top tube bag or a frame bag, is a small, rectangular-shaped storage accessory designed to be attached to the top tube of a bicycle frame, just behind the headset or stem.
Bib shorts
Bib shorts, known simply as bibs, are cycling shorts designed for comfort and performance.
Bidon
A bidon, also known as a water bottle, is a specially designed container cyclists use to carry and access liquids, typically water or sports drinks, during rides.
Bike fit
Bike fit refers to the process of adjusting and optimizing the various components of a bicycle to ensure that it is ergonomically tailored to the rider’s body. It encompasses fine-tuning key parameters such as saddle height, handlebar position, pedal cleat alignment, and more.
Bonk
Bonk refers to a sudden and severe energy depletion, often accompanied by extreme fatigue and a significant drop in performance.
Bottom bracket
A bottom bracket, abbreviated as BB, is a crucial bicycle component that provides support and allows the rotation of the crankset, which houses the pedals.
Bottom bracket height
Bottom bracket height, abbreviated as BB height, is a crucial geometric measurement in cycling that refers to the vertical distance between the center of the bottom bracket shell and the ground.
Bottom bracket shell
The bottom bracket shell, often referred to simply as the BB shell, is a key component of a bicycle frame that houses the bottom bracket, connecting the bicycle’s crankset to the frame.
Bottom bracket tool
A bottom bracket tool is a specialized tool used to install, remove, and service the bottom bracket of a bicycle.
Brake bleeding kit
A brake bleeding kit is a specialized tool to remove air bubbles or contaminants from a hydraulic brake system, ensuring optimal brake performance.
Brake cable housing
Brake cable housing, often referred to as housing, is a protective outer casing that covers and guides the inner brake cable on a bicycle.
Brake hoods
Brake hoods, or brake lever hoods or hood covers, are rubber or silicone covers that are an integral part of a bicycle’s brake levers. They provide a comfortable and ergonomic gripping surface for the rider’s hands while operating the brakes and shifters.
Brake lever adjustment
Brake lever adjustment refers to fine-tuning the brake levers’ position, reach, and modulation on a bicycle.
Brake lever reach
Brake lever reach is a fundamental adjustment on bicycle brake levers that allows riders to customize the distance between the brake lever and the handlebars.
Breakaway
A breakaway refers to a tactical move in which one or more riders or a small group initiate a strong and strategic attack to distance themselves from the main peloton or group of competitors during a race.
Brevet
A brevet in cycling refers to a long-distance, non-competitive, and timed cycling event that challenges participants to complete a designated course within a specified time frame.
Bunny hop
A bunny hop is a fundamental cycling skill that involves lifting a bicycle’s front and rear wheels off the ground simultaneously while the rider remains in control.
C
Cadence
Cadence is the rate at which a cyclist pedals or turns the bicycle’s cranks in a minute. It is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Cadence sensor
A cadence sensor is a device that measures and records the rate at which a cyclist pedals or turns the bicycle’s cranks in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Carbon frame
A carbon frame is the primary structural component of a bicycle’s frame, constructed primarily from carbon fiber composite materials. Carbon fiber is renowned for its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making it a popular choice for high-performance bicycles.
Carbon wheels
Carbon wheels refer to bicycle wheels with rims constructed primarily from carbon fiber composite materials. These wheels are known for their lightweight, aerodynamic properties, and stiffness, making them a popular choice for high-performance bicycles.
Cassette
A cassette refers to the cluster of multiple sprockets or cogs that are attached to the rear wheel hub of a bicycle. These sprockets are an integral part of the bike’s drivetrain and are designed to work in conjunction with the chain and derailleurs to enable gear shifting.
Century ride
A century ride in cycling is a long-distance bicycle ride covering 100 miles (160.9 kilometers) within a single day.
Chain catcher
A chain catcher is a small device or component mounted on a bicycle’s front derailleur or seat tube to prevent the chain from dropping off the small chainring (the inner chainring) and falling between the small chainring and the frame when shifting to lower gears.
Chain drop
Chain drop refers to the unintentional disengagement of the bicycle chain from the chainring or cassette, resulting in a loss of power transmission and potential disruption to the rider’s pedaling motion.
Chain suck
Chain suck in cycling is a mechanical issue that occurs when the bicycle chain fails to disengage smoothly from the chainring during downshifting, leading to it getting stuck or sucked onto the chainring teeth.
Chain tool
A chain tool, or chain breaker, is a handheld tool designed to remove and install bicycle chains.
Chain whip
A chain whip is a tool used for holding the cassette or freewheel in place while removing or installing the lockring that secures it to the rear hub.
Chainline
Chainline is the alignment of the bicycle chain with the chainring(s) and cassette or sprockets in the drivetrain.
Chainring
A chainring is a key component of the bicycle’s drivetrain, typically attached to the crankset. It is a circular, toothed disc with various-sized teeth that engage with the bicycle chain.
Chainring bolts
Chainring bolts are small, threaded fasteners used to secure chainrings to the crankarms of a bicycle’s crankset.
Chainring guard
A chainring guard, also known as a chainring protector or bash guard, is a protective component installed on a bicycle’s crankset.
Chainring ratio
Chainring ratio, often referred to as gear ratio, in cycling, is a numerical expression that compares the number of teeth on the front chainring(s) to the number of teeth on the rear cassette or sprockets.
Chainring size
Chainring size refers to the number of teeth on the front chainring(s) of a bicycle’s crankset.
Chainstay
The chainstay is a structural component of a bicycle frame that extends horizontally from the bottom bracket, near the pedals, to the rear dropout, where the rear wheel is attached.
Chainstay protector
A chainstay protector is a protective cover or guard typically made of durable rubber, neoprene, or adhesive-backed plastic.
A chamois (pronounced shammy) refers to a padded insert or lining that is an integral part of cycling shorts, bib shorts, or cycling tights.
Chamois cream
Chamois cream, also known as chamois butter, is a specialized product used in cycling to reduce friction, chafing, and discomfort during long rides.
Cleats
Cleats refer to small, often triangular or rectangular, pieces of hardware attached to the bottom of cycling shoes.
Climber
A climber is a cyclist who excels at riding uphill and is particularly skilled in mountainous or hilly terrain.
Clip-on bars
Clip-on bars, also known as clip-on aero bars or tri-bars, are a type of handlebar extension commonly used in road cycling, particularly during time trials and triathlons.
Clipless pedals
Clipless pedals are a bicycle pedal system designed to securely attach cycling shoes to the pedals.
Cleat play
Cleat play, also known as float or cleat float, is a term used to describe the degree of angular movement that a cyclist’s foot can have while engaged with clipless pedals.
Clutch
A clutch refers to the mechanism found in the rear derailleur of a bicycle drivetrain. The clutch maintains tension in the derailleur’s chain, preventing excessive chain slack and reducing chain movement.
Cog
A cog refers to one of the individual-toothed wheels or sprockets that make up the rear cassette or freewheel of a bicycle.
Compact crankset
A compact crankset is a specific type of bicycle crankset designed to provide a wider range of gear ratios, particularly lower gears, for easier climbing.
Crank length
Crank length refers to the measurement of the metal arms that connect the pedals to the bicycle’s bottom bracket.
Crankset
A crankset, also known as a chainset, is a major component of a bicycle’s drivetrain. It consists of two or more chainrings attached to crank arms.
Criterium
A criterium, often called a crit, is a type of road cycling race held on a short, closed circuit typically ranging from 0.5 to 2 miles (0.8 to 3.2 kilometers) in length.
Crosswinds
Crosswinds refer to wind blowing horizontally across the direction of travel.
Cyclocross
Cyclocross, often abbreviated as CX, is a unique and challenging discipline that combines elements of road cycling, mountain biking, and cross-country running.
D
Derailleur
A derailleur is a critical component of a bicycle’s drivetrain system, responsible for moving the chain between different gears or sprockets.
Derailleur hanger
A derailleur hanger, often called a dropout or hanger, is a small, replaceable component on a bicycle frame that serves as the attachment point for the rear derailleur.
Di2
Di2, short for Digital Integrated Intelligence, is a cutting-edge electronic shifting system developed by Shimano, a renowned manufacturer of cycling components.
Direct drive trainer
A direct drive trainer is a specialized indoor cycling trainer designed to simulate outdoor riding by directly replacing the rear wheel of a bicycle.
Direct mount brakes
Direct-mount brakes are designed to mount directly to the frame or fork, bypassing the need for a brake bridge or mounting bolts on the seatstays and chainstays.
Direct mount chainring
A direct mount chainring attaches directly to the crankset without the use of traditional chainring bolts.
Direct-mount front derailleur
A direct-mount front derailleur is designed to mount directly onto the frame without a traditional braze-on or clamp-style mounting bracket.
Direct-mount rear derailleur
A direct-mount rear derailleur is designed to attach directly to the frame without a traditional derailleur hanger or mounting bolt.
Domestique
A domestique, derived from the French word for servant, plays a crucial role in professional road cycling teams. Domestiques are support riders who primarily work for the benefit of their team leaders during races.
Doppio
Doppio, Italian for double, is a term used in cycling to refer to a double espresso, a small but potent coffee beverage.
Double century
A double century refers to a long-distance bicycle ride or event covering 200 miles (322 kilometers).
Double pace line
A double pace line is a formation used by a group of cyclists when riding close to each other. It involves two parallel lines of riders, each taking turns at the front, creating an efficient and aerodynamic way to share the workload and maintain a steady pace.
Double-butted tubes
DDouble-butted tubes are bicycle frame tubes that have varying thicknesses along their length. They are designed to be thicker at the ends where stress and load are higher, while the middle section is thinner to reduce weight.
Down tube
The down tube is a fundamental part of a bicycle frame that connects the head tube to the bottom bracket shell.
Down tube shifter
A down tube shifter is a type of bicycle gear-shifting mechanism located on the down tube of the bicycle frame.
Drafting
Drafting is a strategic technique where one cyclist closely follows another rider to reduce wind resistance and save energy.
Drivetrain
The drivetrain refers to components that transmit human power to the bicycle’s wheels. It encompasses various parts, including the chain, chainrings, cassette or freewheel, derailleurs, and shifters, all working together to enable gear shifting.
Drivetrain efficiency
Drivetrain efficiency is the effectiveness with which the mechanical components of a bicycle’s drivetrain transfer the power generated by the rider’s pedaling into forward motion.
Drivetrain wear
Drivetrain wear refers to the gradual degradation and deterioration of the mechanical components of a bicycle’s drivetrain system.
Dropout
A dropout refers to the slotted or open-ended slots on a bicycle frame, typically located at the rear and sometimes at the front.
Dropped
Dropped is a colloquial term used to describe a situation where one or more riders in a group or peloton cannot maintain the pace set by the leading riders and, as a result, fall behind or lose contact with the main group.
Dynamo hub
A dynamo hub, also known as a generator hub or hub dynamo, is a bicycle component that generates electrical power to provide lighting for the bike’s front and rear lights.
E
E-Tube
E-Tube is Shimano’s proprietary electronic platform to enhance the shifting and control systems of modern bicycles. It integrates electronic components and communication systems, enabling electronic shifting, wireless connectivity, and advanced customization options
Echelon
Echelon is a term used to describe a riding formation in cycling, particularly in situations where strong crosswinds are present. It is a strategic way for cyclists to minimize wind resistance and improve drafting efficiency while riding in a group.
Electronic shifting
Electronic shifting is a cutting-edge cycling technology that revolutionizes how bicycles change gears. Electronic shifting systems employ electronically controlled motors and switches to execute gear changes instead of relying on mechanical cables and levers to move the front and rear derailleurs.
Elevation gain
Elevation gain is a fundamental metric that quantifies the change in vertical elevation during a cycling activity. It measures how much a cyclist climbs in meters or feet during a ride, race, or specific route segment.
Emergency repair kit
An emergency repair kit is a compact set of items that cyclists carry to address common mechanical problems that may occur during a ride.
Endurance is a fundamental aspect of physical fitness that pertains to an individual’s ability to perform sustained, submaximal physical activities over an extended period.
Energy bar
An energy bar is a compact and easy-to-carry food product specifically formulated to provide a quick and efficient energy source.
Energy gel
An energy gel is a specialized sports nutrition product designed to provide a concentrated source of carbohydrates and electrolytes in a convenient and easy-to-consume form.
Energy output
Energy output, also known as energy expenditure or output rate, is a measurement of the energy used by the body to perform physical work.
EPO
EPO, or erythropoietin, is a natural hormone the kidneys and liver produce. Its primary function is to regulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.
Everesting
Everesting is a unique cycling challenge that requires cyclists to climb a specific hill or ascent repeatedly until they have ascended a total of 8,848 meters, equivalent to the height of Mount Everest.
Expander plug
An expander plug is a component designed to secure the steerer tube of a bicycle fork inside the head tube of the frame. It consists of a bolt or screw and an expandable wedge or plug.
External cable routing
External cable routing refers to routing cables and housing on the outside of a bicycle frame, as opposed to internal cable routing, where cables are concealed within the frame tubes.
F
False flat
A false flat is a type of terrain encountered in cycling that appears to be level or flat but is sloping slightly uphill. It can be deceiving to cyclists because, at first glance, it does not appear to require the effort associated with a noticeable climb.
Fatigue
Fatigue is a physiological and psychological condition characterized by extreme tiredness, weakness, and reduced physical and mental capacity.
Feathering
Feathering is a nuanced braking technique cyclists employ to control their speed delicately and manage braking force.
Fender
A fender in cycling is a piece of equipment designed to shield the rider and the bike from dirt, water, and other debris that can be thrown up from the road or trail during wet or muddy conditions.
Fixed-gear
A fixed-gear bicycle, or fixie, is characterized by its single gear ratio and absence of a freewheel mechanism.
Flandrien
A Flandrien is a symbolic figure in the cycling world, representing a rider known for their unwavering tenacity, resilience, and ability to excel in demanding and often adverse racing conditions. The term is closely linked to the Flanders region of Belgium, which hosts iconic one-day races like the Tour of Flanders.
Flare handlebars
Flare handlebars are a specialized design of drop handlebars commonly used in gravel and adventure cycling. A noticeable outward flare at the ends of the handlebar drops characterizes them.
Foldable tire
A bicycle tire designed for easy storage and portability. Unlike traditional wire-bead tires, foldable tires feature a flexible aramid or Kevlar bead that can be folded or rolled up without damaging the bead or casing.
Follow car
A follow car is a motor vehicle used in cycling events to support and assist cyclists during races, training rides, or long-distance journeys.
Fork rake
Fork rake is an essential geometric feature of a bicycle’s front fork, specifically concerning the curvature or angle of the fork blades as they extend forward from the fork crown to the dropouts.
Frame builder
A frame builder is an individual or business with expertise in constructing bicycle frames. These artisans are often considered the architects and engineers of bicycles, responsible for crafting the main structural component that defines a bike’s geometry, ride quality, and overall performance.
Frame clearance
Frame clearance, sometimes called tire or component clearance, pertains to the available space within a bicycle frame to accommodate various components without interference or contact.
Frame geometry
Frame geometry encompasses a set of key parameters and measurements that define the structural layout of a bicycle frame.
Frame size chart
A frame size chart is a resource designed to assist cyclists in selecting the correct frame size for a bicycle. It provides a range of recommended frame sizes based on the rider’s height and inseam length, ensuring a proper fit and comfortable riding experience.
Frame stiffness
Frame stiffness is a fundamental property of a bicycle frame that describes how it responds to forces applied during cycling. It is the degree to which the frame resists bending or flexing vertically and laterally.
Frameset
A frameset is the core structural component of a bicycle, consisting of the frame and the accompanying fork. It is the foundation upon which all other bicycle components, such as wheels, drivetrain, and handlebars, are assembled to create a complete bicycle.
Freehub
A freehub is a critical component of the rear wheel hub in many modern bicycles, particularly those equipped with multiple gears.
Freewheel
A freewheel is a key component of the rear wheel hub in some older bicycles and a few modern single-speed or fixed-gear bikes. It consists of a threaded sprocket cluster that screws onto the hub.
Front derailleur
A front derailleur is a critical part of the bicycle’s drivetrain, primarily found on bikes with multiple front chainrings (usually two or three). Its main function is to move the chain between these chainrings, allowing the rider to select the appropriate gear ratio.
FTP (Functional Threshold Power)
FTP is a measure of a cyclist’s aerobic capacity and endurance. It represents the power output, in watts, that a rider can maintain for approximately one hour before reaching their fatigue threshold.
Full gas
Full gas is a term that encapsulates the idea of giving 100% effort during a cycling effort, whether it’s during a race, a challenging climb, a sprint, or a hard training session.
Full suspension
Full suspension, often referred to as full-sus, is a bicycle configuration that features a suspension system at both the front and rear of the bike.
G
Gap
A gap represents the physical space that separates individual riders, small groups, or the peloton (the main group of riders) from one another. It can result from various circumstances, including riders attacking, losing contact with the main group, or forming breakaway groups.
Garmin Connect
Garmin Connect is a web-based platform and mobile app developed by Garmin to serve as a comprehensive ecosystem for cyclists and athletes, offering features for tracking, analyzing, and sharing cycling data and planning routes and workouts.
Gear ratio
A gear ratio represents the number of times the rear wheel (and thus the bicycle) rotates for each complete revolution of the pedals. Gear ratios are central to cyclists’ ability to adjust their effort and optimize performance based on riding conditions.
Gilet
Gilet (pronounced zhee-lay) is a lightweight and sleeveless outer garment, often made of breathable and windproof materials.
Giro d’Italia
The Giro d’Italia, often simply referred to as the Giro, is one of the three Grand Tour cycling races alongside the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España. It is a prestigious and challenging multi-stage road cycling race annually in Italy.
Gran Fondo
A Gran Fondo is a long-distance, mass participation cycling event combining recreational and competitive elements.
Granny gear
Granny gear refers to the smallest and easiest-to-pedal chainring and rear cog combination on a bike’s drivetrain
Gravel bike
A gravel bike is a versatile and purpose-built bicycle designed for riding on various surfaces, including gravel roads, dirt paths, rough trails, and pavement. Gravel bikes blend elements of road, cyclocross, and mountain bikes, making them ideal for exploring mixed terrain and long-distance adventures.
Grinduro
Grinduro is a unique type of cycling event that combines elements of gravel grinding, enduro-style mountain biking, and a festival atmosphere.
Group ride
A group ride refers to an organized or informal gathering of multiple cyclists to ride as a group. These rides can vary in purpose, speed, distance, and the number of participants but typically involve cyclists of varying skill levels coming together for a shared riding experience.
Groupset
A groupset, also known as a gruppo in Italian, refers to the collection of bicycle components that work together to control the bike’s gearing and braking.
Gruppetto
Gruppetto is an Italian term commonly used in road cycling to refer to a group of riders who have fallen behind the main peloton during a race.
H
Hammerfest
Hammerfest is a term used in cycling to describe an intense and high-speed section of a race or group ride, typically characterized by a rapid increase in pace and effort.
Handlebar bag
A handlebar bag is a cycling accessory designed to attach to the handlebars of a bicycle.
Handlebar width
Handlebar width refers to the horizontal distance between the two ends of a bicycle’s handlebars.
Hardtail
A hardtail is a mountain bike with front suspension (a suspension fork) to absorb shocks and vibrations from the front wheel but lacks rear suspension.
Headset
A headset is a bicycle component that connects the fork of a bicycle to the frame’s head tube.
Headwind
Headwind refers to the air resistance or wind blowing directly against the direction a cyclist is riding
Heart rate monitor
A heart rate monitor is a device used to measure and display the wearer’s heart rate in real time. It typically consists of a chest strap with a sensor, wristwatch-like receiver, or smartphone app displaying heart rate data.
High cadence
High cadence refers to pedaling at a fast and rapid rate, typically measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). It indicates how many times a cyclist’s pedals make a complete turn in one minute.
Hoods
Hoods refer to the rubberized or cushioned grips on the top of a road bike’s drop handlebars.
Hub
A hub is a central component of a bicycle wheel, serving as the core that connects the wheel’s rim, spokes, and axle. It is located at the center of the wheel and provides the rotation and support necessary for the wheel to function.
Hub bearings
Hub bearings are critical components of a bicycle’s hub assembly, reducing friction and allowing the wheel to spin smoothly on the axle.
Hub flange
A hub flange is a key component of a bicycle hub, specifically the outer sections of the hub where spokes are attached. Hub flanges are designed to provide a solid anchor point for the spokes, allowing them to be tensioned and evenly distributed around the rim, thus forming the wheel’s structural integrity.
I
Individual Pursuit
Individual pursuit is a track cycling event on a velodrome, where two cyclists compete against each other in a race against the clock.
Individual Time Trial
An Individual Time Trial (ITT) is a cycling race format in which cyclists compete individually against the clock, aiming to complete a specific course or distance in the fastest time possible.
Indoor trainer
An indoor trainer, also known as a bicycle trainer or cycling trainer, is a stationary device that converts a regular bicycle into an indoor exercise bike.
Inner tube
An inner tube is a cylindrical rubber or latex tube placed inside a bicycle tire. It is an inflatable component that holds air, providing the necessary pressure to maintain the tire’s shape and support the weight of the cyclist and the bicycle.
Insole
An insole, also known as a shoe insert or footbed, is a removable, cushioned, and supportive piece of material placed inside a shoe to enhance comfort, support, and alignment for the wearer’s foot.
Integrated bars
Integrated bars, also known as integrated handlebars or one-piece handlebars, are components on a bicycle that combine the handlebars, stem, and often the aerodynamic extensions into a single unit.
Internal cable routing
Internal cable routing refers to the practice of routing brake and shifting cables (or hydraulic lines) inside the frame tubes of a bicycle, keeping them hidden from external view. This design feature is used in modern bicycles to improve aerodynamics, aesthetics, and cable protection.
Interval Training
Interval training is a structured and systematic approach to cardiovascular exercise where periods of high-intensity effort are alternated with periods of lower-intensity recovery or rest.
J
J-Bend spokes
J-bend spokes, also known as traditional spokes, are individual wire-like components used in constructing bicycle wheels. They have a distinctive J shape at one end, which hooks onto the hub flange, while the other end threads into the wheel’s rim.
Jockey wheels
Jockey wheels, also known as derailleur pulleys or guide wheels, are small, toothed wheels found on the rear derailleur of a bicycle.
Junction box
A junction box is an electrical or electronic component used in integrating and managing electronic shifting systems, such as those found in high-end road and mountain bikes.
Junk miles
Junk miles refer to training or riding miles that provide little to no benefit in improving a cyclist’s fitness, skills, or performance.
L
Lactic acid
Lactic acid, also known as lactate, is a chemical compound that plays a key role in the body’s energy metabolism, particularly during high-intensity physical activities like cycling.
LBS
An LBS, or Local Bike Shop, is a physical retail store or shop specializing in bicycles, cycling accessories, and related services
Leadout man
A leadout man, also known as a leadout rider or leadout sprinter, is a crucial member of a cycling team, particularly in road and track cycling. Their primary role is to set a high pace in the final kilometers of a race to position their team’s sprinter for a successful sprint finish.
Leg warmers
Leg warmers are cycling apparel designed to provide warmth and flexibility to a cyclist’s legs during cooler or changing weather conditions. They are typically made of stretchy, insulating materials and can be worn over the legs or easily removed during a ride as temperatures fluctuate.
Limit screws
Limit screws are small adjustment screws found on bicycle derailleurs, specifically the front and rear derailleurs. These screws are used to limit or set the range of motion of the derailleur, preventing the chain from shifting too far and potentially causing misalignment or damage.
Locknut
A locknut is a type of nut used to secure and prevent the loosening of threaded components on a bicycle, such as axles, headset assemblies, bottom brackets, and wheel hubs.
Lockring
A lockring is a threaded ring or nut used to secure certain components in place on a bicycle, particularly in fixed-gear bikes and track cycling.
Long-cage derailleur
A long-cage derailleur is a type of rear derailleur characterized by its longer cage.
Lycra
Lycra, or spandex or elastane, is a synthetic fiber widely used in the cycling industry to produce cycling clothing, particularly cycling shorts, bib shorts, jerseys, arm warmers, and leg warmers.
M
Maglia Rosa
The Maglia Rosa, often called the Pink Jersey, is a prestigious cycling jersey worn by the general classification (GC) leader in the Giro d’Italia, one of the three Grand Tour races in professional road cycling.
Maillot à Pois
The Maillot à Pois, known as the Polka Dot Jersey in English, is a distinctive cycling jersey awarded to the best climber or King of the Mountains in prestigious stage races like the Tour de France.
Maillot Blanc
The Maillot Blanc, commonly called the White Jersey, is a special cycling jersey awarded to the best young rider in the Tour de France. This jersey is characterized by its white background and signifies the rider under 25 with the lowest cumulative time in the General Classification (GC).
Maillot Jaune
The Maillot Jaune, commonly called the Yellow Jersey, is the most coveted and recognizable cycling jersey. It is awarded to the General Classification (GC) leader in the Tour de France.
Maillot Vert
The Maillot Vert, commonly called the Green Jersey, is a distinctive cycling jersey awarded to the rider with the most points in the Points Classification during the Tour de France.
MAMIL
MAMIL, Middle-Aged Men in Lycra, is a humorous and sometimes affectionate term used to describe a specific demographic of cyclists. MAMILs are middle-aged men passionate and enthusiastic about cycling as a hobby or lifestyle.
Marginal gains
Marginal gains involve the systematic and continuous pursuit of small, incremental improvements in various aspects of cycling, training, equipment, and tactics.
Mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage is a concept that pertains to the efficiency and effectiveness of using various mechanical components on a bicycle to leverage force and achieve desired outcomes.
MeÂchanÂiÂcal doping
Mechanical doping, often called technological fraud or motor doping, is a prohibited and unethical cycling practice involving the surreptitious use of hidden motors or mechanical devices to gain an unfair advantage during races and competitions.
Merckx hour record
The Merckx Hour Record, often called the Hour Record, is a prestigious and iconic cycling achievement representing the farthest distance a cyclist can cover on a standard bicycle within one hour.
Merckx technique
Merckx Technique refers to a specific riding style and technique associated with Eddy Merckx, one of the greatest professional cyclists in the sport’s history.
Metric century
A Metric Century is a well-known milestone in long-distance cycling, representing a ride that covers 100 kilometers (62.14 miles).
Minute Man
Minute Man is a term commonly used in time trial (TT) cycling to refer to the rider who starts their individual time trial one minute ahead of another.
MIPS
MIPS, which stands for Multi-Directional Impact Protection System, is a safety technology used in cycling helmets (as well as helmets for other sports) to reduce the rotational forces on the brain during an impact.
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N+1
N+1 is a colloquial term used to describe a phenomenon known as Bike Acquisition Syndrome or simply Bike Lust. It humorously refers to the strong desire or compulsion that some cyclists have to acquire additional bicycles beyond their own.
Negative split
A negative split is a pacing strategy commonly used in endurance sports, including cycling and
Neutral zone
A neutral Zone refers to a designated section of a race route where the riders are not allowed to compete or engage in competitive racing. Instead, they must ride at a controlled and non-competitive pace.
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Off-saddle
Off-saddle refers to a cycling technique where the rider briefly stands up from their seated position while pedaling.
Off the back
Off the back is a term that describes a rider falling behind the leading group or peloton during a race or group ride.
Off the Front
Off the front is a term used to describe a rider or a group of riders who have broken away from the main peloton or group and have established a lead in a race.
On the wheel
On the wheel is a term used to describe a rider’s position when closely following or drafting behind another rider in a group or peloton.
One-by (1x)
One-By or 1x refers to a specific drivetrain configuration with only a single front chainring and no front derailleur, resulting in a simplified and lighter setup.
Out-and-back
Out-and-back is a term that describes a type of route or ride where cyclists start at a specific point, travel outward for a certain distance, and then return along the same route to the starting point.
Oversized pulleys
Oversized pulleys is a component upgrade in cycling drivetrains, particularly rear derailleurs, where larger-than-standard jockey wheels or pulleys improve shifting performance and reduce drivetrain friction.
Overtraining
Overtraining is a condition in cycling (and sports in general) characterized by excessive training volume, intensity, or frequency without adequate recovery, leading to physical and mental fatigue, decreased performance, and potential health issues.
Oxygen debt
Oxygen debt refers to the oxygen deficit created during intense exercise when the body’s demand for oxygen exceeds its supply, typically occurring during anaerobic efforts.
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Paceline
A paceline is a cycling formation in which riders closely follow one another in a line or single file to reduce air resistance and improve efficiency, allowing them to maintain higher speeds with less effort.
Pedaling efficiency
Pedaling efficiency refers to the ability of a cyclist to generate power and maintain a consistent and smooth pedal stroke while minimizing energy wastage and reducing the risk of discomfort or injury.
Personal best
A personal best, often abbreviated as PB, refers to an individual’s highest level of performance or achievement in a particular cycling discipline or event. It represents the best time, distance, or result a cyclist has ever achieved in their cycling journey.
Pinch flat
A pinch flat, also known as a snakebite flat, is a type of flat tire in cycling that occurs when the inner tube is pinched between the rim and the tire due to impact or inadequate tire pressure.
Popcorn pide
A popcorn ride describes a casual and unstructured group ride where participants can join or leave at any time, creating a dynamic and ever-changing group composition.
Power meter
A power meter is a device or sensor that measures the power output or the amount of mechanical work a cyclist generates while riding, typically expressed in watts.
Power output
Power output is the amount of mechanical work or force a cyclist generates while pedaling, typically measured in watts. It quantifies the rate at which a cyclist expends energy to overcome resistance and move forward.
Power profile
A power profile refers to a graphical representation or summary of a cyclist’s power output at different durations or time intervals, typically ranging from a few seconds to several minutes or even hours.
Power-to-Weight ratio
The power-to-weight ratio is a performance metric that quantifies a cyclist’s power output (in watts) relative to their body weight (in kilograms). It is calculated by dividing the cyclist’s power output by their body weight and is often expressed in watts per kilogram (W/kg).
Presta valve
A Presta valve, also known as a French Valve or Sclaverand Valve, is commonly used in bicycle inner tubes and tubeless systems.
Pulley wheels
Pulley wheels refer to the small, toothed wheels found in the rear derailleur of a bicycle. They are integral to the drivetrain and guide the chain as it moves between gears or sprockets on the rear cassette.
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Q Factor
Q Factor is the distance between the pedal attachment points on the bicycle’s crank arms, measured horizontally.
Q-ring
A Q-ring is a non-circular or elliptical chainring designed to optimize a cyclist’s pedal stroke by providing variable resistance throughout the pedal rotation.
QOM
QOM is an acronym for Queen of the Mountains. It is used in women’s road cycling, to designate the female cyclist who achieves the fastest time or performance on a designated climbing segment or mountainous section of a route.
Queen stage
A Queen Stage is a term used in stage races, particularly in multi-day road cycling events like grand tours (e.g., Tour de France, Giro d’Italia, Vuelta a España), to describe the race’s most challenging and crucial stage.
Quick links
Quick links are chain connectors or links that allow for the easy removal and reconnection of a bicycle chain without needing special tools. They are also known as quick-release links, master links, or missing links.
Quick release
A Quick Release (QR) is a bicycle component that allows for the rapid and tool-free removal and installation of specific parts on a bicycle, most commonly the wheels.
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Race numbers
Race numbers refer to the identification numbers worn by cyclists during organized bicycle races and events.
Race radios
Race radios refer to two-way radio communication systems used in professional cycling races to facilitate communication between race organizers, team directors, support vehicles, and riders during the race.
Racing license
A racing license is an official document or credential issued by a national or international cycling federation or governing body that permits an individual to participate in competitive cycling events, races, and competitions.
Racing line
A racing line is a specific path or trajectory a cyclist follows while navigating a turn or corner during a race or competitive cycling event.
Rain gear
Rain gear is a specialized clothing and accessories designed to protect cyclists from rain, wind, and wet conditions during inclement weather.
Rain jacket
A rain jacket is a specialized type of outerwear designed to protect cyclists from rain, wind, and wet weather conditions while riding.
Rear derailleur
A rear derailleur is a critical component of a bicycle’s drivetrain responsible for shifting the chain between different gears on the rear cassette or freewheel.
Recovery ride
A recovery ride is a low-intensity and typically shorter cycling session or ride designed to aid cyclists’ recovery. These rides are performed at a gentle pace and focus on promoting physical recuperation after more intense or strenuous training or racing.
Ride leader
A ride leader is an experienced cyclist or designated individual who leads and organizes a group ride or cycling event.
Rim depth
Rim depth in cycling refers to the vertical measurement of a bicycle wheel’s rim from the outer edge (where the tire mounts) to the inner edge (where the spokes are attached).
Rim material
Rim material refers to the substance or material from which a bicycle wheel’s rim is constructed.
Rim width
Rim width in cycling refers to measuring the inner width of a bicycle wheel’s rim.
Rollers
Rollers refer to a type of indoor training equipment cyclists use to improve balance, pedal efficiency, and riding skills.
Roubaix
Roubaix typically refers to Paris-Roubaix, a one-day professional road cycling race held annually in France.
Rouleur
A Rouleur is a term used in cycling to describe a type of rider known for strength and versatility. Rouleurs are often referred to as all-rounders or strongmen of the peloton.
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Shoe covers
Shoe covers, also known as shoe protectors or booties, are protective garments worn over regular cycling shoes to shield them from the elements, such as rain, mud, and cold temperatures.
S-Works
S-Works is a premium line of high-performance cycling products and components from Specialized Bicycle Components. S-Works is associated with top-of-the-line bikes, frames, components, and accessories designed for professional and elite-level cyclists.
Saddle angle
Saddle angle refers to the tilt or incline of the bicycle saddle (the seat) in relation to the horizontal plane.
Saddle height
Saddle height refers to the vertical position of the bicycle saddle (the seat) in relation to the bottom bracket, which is the part of the bicycle frame where the pedals and crankset are attached.
Saddle sores
Saddle sores are painful skin irritations or lesions that can develop in the perineal and groin areas of cyclists due to prolonged friction, pressure, and moisture caused by contact with the bicycle saddle.
Saddle tilt
Saddle tilt refers to the forward or backward rotation of the bicycle saddle (the seat) about its horizontal axis.
Saddle width
Saddle width refers to the horizontal measurement of the bicycle saddle from one side to the other.
Schrader valve
A Schrader valve, also known as an American valve, is a type of pneumatic valve commonly used in various applications, including cycling.
Segment
A segment is a specific section or portion of a route, road, or trail often recognized and tracked by cyclists using GPS-based cycling platforms and apps.
Semi-compact
Semi-compact refers to a specific type of road bike drivetrain configuration. It describes a set of chainrings and cassette gear ratios that provide a moderate range of gears suitable for various riding conditions, including flat terrain and moderate climbs.
Shifters
Shifters are the control mechanisms that enable cyclists to change the gears on their bicycles. They are typically mounted on the handlebars, allowing riders to switch between different gears on the front and rear derailleurs, adjusting the resistance and cadence to match the terrain and riding conditions.
Shimmy
Shimmy refers to an unwanted and potentially dangerous oscillation or wobbling motion in a bicycle, particularly in the front wheel or the entire frame.
Single paceline
A single paceline is a formation of riders riding in a single file line, one behind the other, to reduce wind resistance and improve overall efficiency during group rides or races. This formation is also known as a single-file paceline or simply a paceline.
Snakebite
Snakebite refers to a type of puncture or flat tire caused by a pinch or impact that results in two small, parallel holes or slits on the inner tube.
Spin to Win
Spin to Win is a colloquial phrase in road cycling races and group rides. It refers to a tactic or strategy where cyclists use their ability to pedal at a high cadence to gain an advantage over their competitors.
Spokes
Spokes are the slender, typically metal rods or wires that connect the hub of a bicycle wheel to the rim.
Sprint
Sprint refers to a high-speed burst of acceleration that riders use to outpace their competitors and cross the finish line first.
Sprint lead-out
A sprint lead-out in cycling refers to a strategic teamwork maneuver used in road races, criteriums, and other competitive cycling events where a sprint finish is anticipated.
Sprinter
A sprinter is a cyclist known for their explosive speed and ability to excel in sprint finishes. Sprinters are specialists in short, high-intensity efforts, often reaching their peak power output in a matter of seconds.
Sprockets
Sprockets are toothed wheels or gears used in cycling to transmit power from one part of the bicycle to another, primarily in the drivetrain system.
Steel frame
A steel frame is the main structural component of a bicycle’s frame constructed from steel tubing.
Stiffness-to-weight ratio
The stiffness-to-weight ratio, often called SWR or S/W, is used in cycling to evaluate the balance between the stiffness (rigidity) and the weight of a bicycle frame or component.
Strava
Strava is a popular social fitness platform and mobile app designed for athletes and outdoor enthusiasts, including cyclists and runners. It allows users to track and record their workouts, share their fitness activities with friends and followers, and analyze performance data.
Super domestique
A super domestique, also known as a domestique de luxe or super gregario, is a strong and experienced support rider who plays a crucial role in a team’s strategy during stage races.
Support car
A support car refers to a motorized vehicle accompanying a group of cyclists during a race or a long-distance ride. These vehicles provide essential assistance and support to the cyclists and their teams.
Synchronized shifting
Synchronized shifting is a feature typically found on electronic drivetrains, where the front and rear derailleurs communicate to optimize gear changes for the rider. This technology is commonly associated with the SRAM AXS and Shimano Di2 electronic shifting systems.
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Tailwind
Tailwind refers to the wind that blows from behind the cyclist’s direction of travel. It is the opposite of a headwind, which blows directly against the cyclist’s forward motion.
Taper
Taper refers to the period of reduced training and increased rest that athletes undergo in the days or weeks leading up to a major competition or race.
Team car
A team car is a motorized vehicle, often an automobile, integral to a cycling team’s support crew during races and events.
Thru-axle
A thru-axle, short for through axle, is a type of axle system used to secure the wheels to the frame or fork of a bicycle. Unlike traditional quick-release skewers with a lever that opens to release the wheel, thru-axles are solid axles that thread directly into the frame or fork, providing a more secure and stiff connection.
Tire clearance
Tire clearance refers to the amount of space available within a bicycle frame and fork to accommodate the size of the tires that can be used on the bike.
Tire pressure
Tire pressure in cycling refers to air pressure (measured in pounds per square inch or PSI) within a bicycle’s tires.
A torque wrench is a specialized tool used in cycling and various mechanical applications to accurately tighten bolts and fasteners to a specific torque or rotational force.
Tour
A tour typically refers to a long-distance ride or journey that may span multiple days or even weeks. Tours can take various forms, including leisurely bike tours, organized multi-day rides, and competitive stage races.
Tour de France
The Tour de France is the world’s most prestigious and iconic professional cycling race. It is an annual multi-stage road race that typically spans three weeks and covers a distance of around 3,500 kilometers (approximately 2,200 miles). The race is held in France but often includes stages in neighboring countries.
TPU tubes
TPU tubes are a type of bicycle inner tube made from a durable and flexible material known as Thermoplastic Polyurethane.
Triple-butted tubes
Triple-butted tubes are a type of tubing used in constructing bicycle frames. These tubes have three different wall thicknesses along their length, which are strategically designed to optimize strength, weight, and performance in various parts of the frame. Triple-butted tubes are typically made from materials like steel or aluminum.
TSS
TSS stands for Training Stress Score, a metric used in cycling and endurance sports to quantify the physiological stress or load of a training session or ride on an athlete’s body. TSS is commonly used with heart rate data or power meter data to assess the intensity and effectiveness of training sessions.
Tubeless tires
Tubeless tires are bicycle tire systems that do not require an inner tube. Instead, tubeless tires create an airtight seal against the rim, allowing them to hold air without needing a separate tube.
Tubular tires
Tubular tires, often referred to as tubulars, are bicycle tires with an inner tube encased within a sewn-up, tubular-shaped tire casing.
Turbo trainer
A turbo trainer, often simply called a turbo, is a stationary cycling device designed to allow cyclists to ride their bikes indoors. It essentially turns a regular bicycle into a stationary exercise bike.
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UCI
The UCI, or Union Cycliste Internationale, is the international governing body for cycling. It oversees and regulates various cycling disciplines, including road cycling, track cycling, mountain biking, BMX, and indoor cycling.
UCI Anti-Doping Regulations
The UCI Anti-Doping Regulations are a set of rules and guidelines established to combat doping by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the international governing body for the sport of cycling.
UCI Approved
UCI Approved refers to a certification or approval granted by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). When a cycling product, component, or equipment receives the UCI Approved designation, it has met specific standards and regulations set by the UCI, making it eligible for use in UCI-sanctioned events and competitions.
UCI Points
UCI Points is a system of ranking and scoring used by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). These points are awarded to individual riders and teams based on their performance in UCI-sanctioned races and events.
UCI World Championships
The UCI World Championships, officially known as the UCI Road World Championships and the UCI Track Cycling World Championships, are annual cycling events organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
UCI World Cup
The UCI World Cup, officially known as the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup and the UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup, is a series of international mountain biking and cyclo-cross races organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
UCI World Rankings
UCI World Rankings, officially known as the UCI World Ranking, is a system of rankings maintained by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
UCI World Tour
The UCI World Tour, officially known as the UCI World Tour, is a prestigious series of road cycling events organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). It features a calendar of prestigious one-day races, stage races, and grand tours that attract the world’s best professional teams and riders.
Ultra cyclist
An ultra cyclist is an athlete specializing in ultra cycling, a sub-discipline involving extremely long distances in a single ride or over several days.
Unclip
To unclip refers to releasing one’s cycling shoes from the pedals of a bicycle equipped with clipless pedal systems.
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V-brakes
V-brakes, short for linear-pull brakes, are a type of rim brake commonly used on bicycles. They are named V-brakes due to their V-shaped brake arms that extend from the frame or fork to the brake bosses on the wheel.
Valve core
A valve core refers to the removable, innermost part of a bicycle tire valve, which controls airflow in and out of the tire. Valve cores are commonly found in Presta and Schrader valves, the two main types of valve systems used in bicycle tires.
Valve stem
A valve stem refers to the tubular component that protrudes through the rim of a bicycle wheel, providing a passage for inflating and deflating the tire.
Ventoux
Ventoux, also known as Mont Ventoux, is a legendary mountain in southeastern France’s Provence region. Ventoux is famous for its challenging ascent and has become an iconic climb featured in many prestigious road cycling races, including the Tour de France.
VO2 Max
VO2 max, or maximal oxygen uptake, measures the maximum amount of oxygen a person can utilize during intense exercise.
Vuelta a España
The Vuelta a España, often called the Vuelta, is one of the three Grand Tours in professional road cycling, alongside the Tour de France and the Giro d’Italia. It is a multi-stage bicycle race held annually in Spain between August and September.
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Watts
Watts, often abbreviated as W, is a unit of measurement used in cycling to quantify the amount of power a cyclist generates while pedaling. It measures the rate at which work is done, specifically the amount of energy expended per unit of time.
Waxing chain
Waxing a chain is applying a wax-based lubricant to the bicycle chain to reduce friction and enhance performance.
Weight weenie
A Weight Weenie is a colloquial term used to describe a cyclist or enthusiast who is obsessively focused on reducing the weight of their bicycle and cycling equipment.
Wheel building
Wheel building in cycling is assembling a bicycle wheel from individual components, including the rim, spokes, and hub.
Wheelset
A wheelset is a complete set of two bicycle wheels, including the front and rear wheels. It consists of the rim, spokes, and hub assembly, all interconnected to create a functional wheel.
Wind chill
Wind chill refers to the perceived drop in temperature caused by the combined effect of wind and cold air while riding a bicycle.
Wind tunnel
A wind tunnel in cycling is a specialized testing facility used to analyze and measure the aerodynamic properties of bicycles, cycling equipment, and riders. It simulates airflow conditions similar to those experienced during outdoor cycling by subjecting objects or athletes to controlled wind speeds.
Wobble
Wobble refers to an uncontrolled and often side-to-side movement or oscillation of a bicycle, typically the front wheel or the entire bike.
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Yaw angle
Yaw angle refers to the angle between the direction of the oncoming wind and the direction of motion of a cyclist or their bicycle. It is a crucial parameter in aerodynamics and is used to describe the orientation of the wind relative to the cyclist’s path.
Yellow jersey
A Yellow Jersey, often referred to as the Maillot Jaune in French, is a prestigious and iconic symbol in road cycling, particularly associated with the Tour de France. It is a distinctive jersey worn by the rider who holds the overall lead in the general classification of the Tour de France.